George Orwell Webquest

His involvement with Sp Alan was the extremely important occasion of Rowel's political arousing. He left Spain with an actual existence Eng disdain of autocracy, and this position shaped the premise of the entirety of his following work s. 3. The book Animal Farm considers occasions paving the way to the Russian Revolution of 191 7 and afterward onto the Stalin period in the Soviet Union. It was condemning of Joseph Stalin and dependent on Rowel's conviction that the Soviet association had become a ruthless shakers tutorship. The epic is a purposeful anecdote. 4. 1984 was distributed on June eighth, 1949. The epic depended on a British Labor Party.Orwell cautioned against the Russian state. Orwell kicked the bucket in a London hoses tall on January 21 SST, 1950. Theme II Totalitarianism is the political idea that the resident ought to be thoroughly subject t to an outright state authority. 2. Bonito Mussolini instituted the term extremist to portray the new fundamentalist territory o f Italy. 3. Three instances of authoritarian are Italy in the 1 backtalk and Germany and Japan I n the asses. 4. Stalin changed the Russian economy as a feature of his multi year plan by fast development Of overwhelming industry and expanded ranch creation through acclimatization of agric ultra.Russian's authoritarian state controlled individuals and the media with Stalin's pre-owned promulgation, restriction, and dread to drive his will on the Soviet individuals, the administration papers celebrated work and Stalin himself, and mystery police s pied on residents, and any individual who would not applaud Stalin and the state confronted extreme discipline, even demise 5. Mussolini's authoritarian gathering was called extremist gathering 6. Three different ways Mussolini and his gathering controlled the media were designating Fast cists to top workplaces, blue penciling the press, and arranging a mystery police, and prohibiting a y analysis of the legislature. 7. Everything in the sta te, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. † was Mussolini's notable motto. 8. The cleanses happened in 1 930 and were focused on eradication Of the individuals who o contradicted industrialization and the kulaks (Wolff ranchers and business people, who restricted acclimatization). 9. 36% of the socialist party participation was cleansed. 10. The cleanse of the Red Army Officer Corps was a strategic maneuver which brought about S Italian uniting his capacity as pioneer of the Soviet Union. During the prewar friend d he deliberately detained as well as executed his very own huge number military officials.

Myths to the Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fantasies to the Renaissance - Essay Example The framework was intended to keep an eye on intemperance of a ruler. During this period, the domain was under Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus (child to Marcus Aurelius) and his assenting sibling and child in-law Lucius Verus1. He was an emotionless philosopher2 who built up himself as the more remarkable of the two rulers. During his rule, the Roman Empire was loaded with a wide range of terrible deeds. Driven by the sovereign himself, sexual sin was not a mystery. In the film, we experience mistresses being corrupted in his essence. He was a womanizer and a gay simultaneously. The film gives us a comprehension of the political framework in old Rome. This was a political framework organized a route that to mirror a type of advanced popular government. It didn't bolster oppression. This was the primary goal of the joint administration by two emissaries during the hour of the ‘Republic’.3 The domain had other remarkable political substances separated fr om the government. There was the senate comprised of congresspersons, Plebian Tribunate and Comitia Centuriata. The substances, along with the two diplomats established the type of political frameworks, which the Romans alluded to as the ‘republic’. In the film, it is obvious that the Roman Empire was controlled by activist monarchial pioneers. ... He had a field where he showed his chasing abilities. In this field, code word is brought into play. The murdering of ostrich by the ruler was intended to pass a message to the legislators that the equivalent could occur for them in the event that they defied him. Individuals who showed reformist personalities were killed by the regime5. The film delineates the Roman Empire as one loaded with individuals with voracity for power. There region numerous cases where characters kill rulers to take power. It is guaranteed that the principle character Commodus killed his dad to take power. Scarcely three months into his standard, there were plans to execute him as well. After his passing in the field, the senate met and proclaimed Pertinax the ruler. A few characters in the military couldn't warm to being driven by a child to a previous slave and wound up killing him. Inking was an in thing in the hired soldier commanded Roman armed force. The betrayers could undoubtedly be distinguished th rough the tattoos, thus are methods for checking against weaklings. The tattoos, for example, the one worn by Maximus in the film Gladiator were a hold for the modest respected in the public arena. In the military, they were intended for hired fighters, modest positioned and diggers during the rule of Emperor Constantine. The film depicts the tattoos as an exemplification of agnosticism, odd notion and underestimation in the Roman Empire. It was a customary practice as well as a law that was applied ruthlessly6. The film depicts a general public that adores fierce games as a type of fun. At whatever point the domain was quiet, warriors gave a choice to war legends for individuals to worship. The warriors were the heart breaker of numerous Romans young ladies. During the period wherein the film is based, the fighters were a thistle

20 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do

20 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do January 21, 2020 Verywell / Mary McLain More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips What are the  different types of psychologists  and what exactly do they do in the variety of branches of psychology? When people hear the term psychologist, many immediately imagine a man or woman sitting in an office, scribbling notes while a client sits on a leather fainting couch. Sure, there are plenty of psychologists who engage in this type of  talk therapy, but people who work in the  field of psychology  also do a variety of other things. Did you know that there are psychologists who study how people work and interact with the tools in their environment? Or that some psychologists come up with ways to help slow global warming? Below is a list of some of the specialty areas  and related tasks they include. Aviation Psychologists These psychologists study the behavior of pilots and other flight crew members. Aviation psychologists also perform research on airline safety, develop new training equipment, and help select suitable employees. For example, an aviation psychologist might select or even develop psychological tests used to screen applicants for elite pilot positions. Because of the highly specialized and delicate nature of the job, it is essential to choose candidates who are healthy, stable, and capable of coping with intense pressure. Aviation psychologists utilize their knowledge of psychology to ensure that only the best people are chosen for these critical roles. Aviation psychologists might also work with other professionals including engineers and human factors psychologists to design different components of airplanes such as the cabins or flight decks. By taking human psychology into consideration during the design process, aviation psychologists can help ensure that these products are developed with perception, attention, memory, and other capabilities in mind. Biopsychologists These psychologists are also sometimes called biological psychologists or physiological psychologists. They study and perform research on the brain and behavior. By examining the neural bases of behavior, biopsychologists are able to understand different biological factors that might impact how people think, feel, and act. This type of psychologist might also investigate how brain disease and injury impact behavior. By better understanding of how people are affected by such injuries and diseases, researchers can also find new ways of preventing, treating, and managing serious brain illnesses and trauma. Clinical Psychologists Clinical psychologists  assess, diagnose and treat individuals suffering from psychological distress and mental illness. They also perform psychotherapy and develop treatment plans. Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice. They are trained in a variety of treatment techniques but may specialize in treating certain disorders or working with certain populations. For example, a clinical psychologist might specialize in an area such as substance abuse treatment, child mental health, adult mental health, or geriatric mental health. While clinical psychologists often work in medical settings, they  are not physicians and in most cases cannot prescribe medications. According to the American Psychologist Association, clinical psychologists make an average of $80,00 per year. Cognitive Psychologists Cognitive psychologists  investigate how people think, including topics such as decision-making and problem-solving. This type of psychologist is interested in how the brain processes, learns, stores, recognizes, and utilizes information. Cognitive psychologists may work in a variety of settings including universities, research centers, rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, government agencies, and in private practice. Professionals in this field often perform a range of duties such as conducting research and working with patients. As with other areas of psychology, cognitive psychologists often choose to specialize in a particular area such as memory, language development, attention, problem-solving, or learning disabilities. Community Psychologists This type of psychologist conducts research on community health issues. They also seek to educate  the community and develop prevention programs. These professionals are focused on helping lead positive changes at both the individual and community levels. You may find community psychologists working in a range of settings at universities, government agencies, community organizations, and private businesses as professors, consultants, policy advisors, program directors, and researchers. Research in this area tends to be very action-oriented and focuses on developing real-world solutions that can immediately be put into practice. Community psychologists work to address social problems, promote health and wellness, and enact policies that improve peoples lives. Comparative Psychologists Comparative psychologists study the behavior of different species, particularly how animal and human behavior differs. Why study animals? Because while there are obviously major differences, it is assumed that some things may hold true for all species. Therefore studying the behaviors and responses of animals such as rats and dogs can provide insights into human behaviors as well. Such observations have proven important throughout much of psychologys history. Thorndikes work with cats, Pavlovs work with dogs, and Skinners work with pigeons are just some of the examples of comparative psychology in which animal behavior can provide insights into human behavior. Experimental psychologists make an average of $92,000 per year, second only to organizational-institutional psychologists in terms of income. Consumer Psychologists Also known as marketing psychologists, consumer psychologists research  consumer behavior  and develop marketing strategies to promote businesses. This type of psychologist is involved in helping businesses better understand what makes consumers purchase products and services. They research how buyers respond to marketing messages, analyze decision-making strategies, and investigate the role that emotions play in purchasing choices. These professionals help businesses develop marketing messages, identify target audiences, develop products that appeal to specific consumers, and learn about how attitudes toward brands and product form and change. They  accomplish these tasks through the use of market research surveys, experiments, naturalistic observations, and consumer focus groups. Counseling Psychologists Counseling psychologists  provide psychotherapy to people suffering from psychological disturbances, behavioral problems, emotional difficulties, stress, and related issues. These professionals share many commonalities with clinical psychologists. Counseling psychologists make an average of $85,000 per year. As with clinical psychologists, they provide psychotherapy and can legally identify themselves as licensed psychologists. Cross-Cultural Psychologists Cross-cultural psychologists look at how people vary across cultures and how cultural affiliations influence behavior. They often explore how different aspects of behavior may be either universal or varied across different cultures. For example, cross-cultural psychologists might investigate how parenting styles differ between collectivist cultures versus individualist cultures as well as how these differences in upbringing influence adult behavior. Developmental Psychologists Developmental psychologists  research human development across the entire lifespan. Some focus on a specific period such as  early childhood, adolescence, adulthood, or old age. These professionals may perform tasks such as evaluating children who may have a developmental delay or disability, investigating issues associated with aging, and studying how language skills are acquired. Some developmental psychologists may focus on research and add to our understanding of developmental issues that can arise throughout life. Other professionals may perform applied work with clients who need assistance in coping with developmental issues. Educational Psychologists These psychologists study how people learn and the educational process. This might involve developing  instructional strategies and teaching techniques. Some educational psychologists study giftedness or learning disabilities. This type of psychologist looks at how social, cognitive, and emotional factors impact the learning process. Some professionals in this field specialize in identifying and dealing with potential problems that might interfere with how children learn. Others specialize in researching the learning process, while some might instead focus on designing instructional materials that maximize learning outcomes. Educational psychologists make an average of $75,000 per year, slightly less than the average ($77,030) for all psychology professions, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Engineering Psychologists Engineering psychologists  are focused on discovering ways to enhance human abilities by improving machines, equipment, technology, and work environments. While some may focus on more basic research, this is most often a very applied field. Engineering psychologists work to solve real-world problems and develop solutions that can have practical applications in everyday life. Engineering psychologists may be tasked with developing technology that can be used in the healthcare industry to help patients recover faster. They also help design and refine products that people use each and every day including mobile phones and motor vehicles. Environmental Psychologists Environmental psychologists explore the relationship between people and their surroundings, including natural environments as well as created environments. This might involve working on conservation projects, helping to protect endangered species, and investigating ways to halt global warming. These professionals may work as researchers to study the impact that humans have on their environments. Some environmental psychologists also work in government to shape environmental policies. Forensic Psychologists Forensic psychologists  focus on the relationship between psychology and the law. This might involve acting as a consultant in criminal cases or civil disputes, performing child custody evaluations, and offering psychotherapy services to crime victims. Thanks to popular depictions in movies and television programs, interest in this field has grown tremendously in recent years. While these pop culture depictions often portray the forensic psychologist as a sleuth working to catch criminals, real forensic psychologists typically perform duties such as assessing juvenile and adult offenders for risk of recidivism, working with child witnesses, evaluating competency to stand trial, and offering professional testimony in court. Health Psychologists Health psychologists  are centered on how psychology, biology, social groups, and behavior influence wellness, illness, and overall health. They work with clients to help maximize well-being and improve both mental and physical health. Some professionals in this field perform clinical work where they assess and treat clients who are seeking assistance with a variety of health issues. This might involve providing psychotherapy, administering different psychological assessments, teaching people about different coping techniques, and educating clients about healthy behaviors. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists I-O psychologists  study workplace behavior such as how to select the best employees for particular jobs and how to increase worker productivity. An I-O psychologist might utilize his or her knowledge of psychological principles to design assessments to screen candidates for specific job roles. They may also be tasked with developing training programs for existing employees in order to increase knowledge, maximize efficiency, and minimize injury. I-O psychologists are also frequently asked to assess businesses on an organizational level and look for new ways to lower costs, improve efficiency, and increase employee satisfaction and retention. Industrial-organizational psychologists are the highest paid category of specialists, earning an average of $125,000 per year. Military Psychologists Military psychologists practice psychology in a military setting. This can include such things as treating soldiers who have a mental illness or emotional distress, researching different aspects of military life, and helping soldiers transition back to civilian life. Some military psychologists focus on performing psychotherapy within different branches of the military, while others apply their knowledge of the human mind and behavior toward recruiting, combating stress, training, decision-making, and leadership. Personality Psychologists Personality psychologists study the different aspects of personality and how individual traits influence an individuals life and behavior. Researchers in the field of personality psychology are interested in a wide range of topics that can have applications in everyday life. For example, they might study how personality forms and whether it can be changed. They might also investigate whether certain personality traits are tied to specific illnesses or disorders, how personality influences the decisions people make, and the many factors that contribute to the development of personality. School Psychologists School psychologists  help children cope with emotional, academic, social, and behavior problems in school settings. Professionals who work in this field of psychology play a vital role in the educational system, typically collaborating with parents, teachers, students, and other school staff to ensure that the learning environment is healthy, safe, supportive, and productive. Children who are struggling with some sort of issue, whether it is behavioral, emotional, or academic in nature, can work with a school psychologist to come up with an effective plan to deal with the difficulty.?? School psychologists provide direct intervention or behavioral management when needed, or may simply offer support and advice to students who need someone to talk to. Social Psychologists Social psychologists  study the behavior of groups including how people behave in social settings  and how groups influence individual behavior. A social psychologist might investigate a wide range of topics including attitudes, prejudice, communication, interpersonal relationships, aggression, and persuasion. For some professionals, this largely involves conducting basic research designed to add to our understanding of social behavior. In other cases, social psychologists utilize their skills and knowledge to influence human behavior in order to foster healthier and more productive groups. Social psychologists can expect to earn an average of $85,000 per year, particularly if employed in a public or governmental institution. A Word From Verywell As you can see from these brief descriptions, there are many types of psychology and psychologists  that focus on a wide variety of human behaviors. If you are considering a career in psychology, you will need to determine which psychology career option is the best fit for you. Which Psychology Career Is Right for You?

Undergraduate Thesis Sample

Writing an undergraduate thesis sample requires thorough literature on the selected topic. It often appears to be a challenging task due to the load of responsibility that comes with the writing assignment. An undergraduate thesis should provide relevant research with supporting arguments that will give a credible and accurate final draft. An example below reveals a proper structure and needed content to provide a high-quality undergraduate thesis. Abstract Police brutality in the United States has become a recent dangerous trend that none of the authorities is working on changing. For the most part, police officers, who would seem to protect the rest of American society, provoke and act violently towards the society. The protests of residents against police brutality have been on the rise within the last few years, making a claim on the need to draw attention to the issue. Literature Review Police brutality is a social issue that holds causes, the present condition of matters and consequences for the American society. According to Fitzgerald, racial profiling keeps on causing violence in the U.S. in spite of it being morally as well as legally wrong, and is associated directly with police brutality. Racial profiling also considers blame for a wrongdoing in the light of the assumed guiltiness of individuals of certain racial attributes. A few hypotheses contend that there are some mental variables in the reasons for police brutality. The utilization of overabundance power on regular people is a criminal offense that also contributes to police brutality since it abuses state laws, government laws, established rights, and police laws too. The consequences for police brutality entail the increase of aggression and the turmoil in the society, leaving the public safety at risk. However, there are a few solutions relating to the update of social policies and structuralization of police work to improve the attitudes and eradicate police brutality as an issue. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the reasons for police brutality and the impact of the issue on the society the thesis paper applies a meta-analysis of the available literature to find the main trends and pose the solutions suitable for improving the condition. Results Racial profiling is the main cause for police brutality, as examined within the social research on the topic. Meanwhile, a more important factor deals with the service of police officers in the neighborhoods that they do not reside at. Simultaneously, the more crucial factor found is the lack of the strict rules for the recruitment of police officers. The recent shortage in the number of staff members led to the unprecedented consequences of having police members poorly educated and vaguely trained. Hence, the main solutions are connected with the need of providing the high-quality training for the new police officers and the education of their emotional intelligence and tolerance towards the diversity. Discussion There is an ongoing controversy regarding the need for police officers to reside in the communities they serve to avoid racial profiling within their daily duties. The distinction between private life and professional responsibilities has become very vague. Therefore, there is a need to develop the social research on the topic and find more data to infer the solution to the new controversies rising on the behalf of the issue of police brutality. Acknowledgements This dissertation thesis was written with the support and supervision of Dr. Smith. The literature for the meta-analysis applied was taken from the university’s database and Internet engine. References Fitzgerald, S. (2007). Police brutality. Detroit: Greenhaven Press/Thomson Gale. Lawrence, R. (2000). The politics of force. Berkeley: University of California Press. Sherman, L. (2009). The quality of police education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

American History-Civil Rights Free Essays

During the years 1939 to 1953 the United States armed forces changed a policy of restricting and segregating the Negro into one that had equal opportunity and integration. This revolution took a great deal of time and struggle. Throughout American history the blacks in America considered their military service in the nation’s conflicts as proof of their loyalty and as a brief for their claim to full citizenship. We will write a custom essay sample on American History-Civil Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time white Americans appear to have realized this, and they always sought to restrict or reduce the black soldier’s military service. The national armed forces always were the most integrated major segment of American life. Therefore, the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces has become truly a social revolution in American history. The extent of the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces was discussed several years ago and remains actual among historians to this day. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the debate among historians concerning the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces and the Negro’s reaction to this policy. In reaching this goal, the paper will also shed some light on American race relations during these years. With the World War II crisis of 1939-1945, the questions of restriction, discrimination, and segregation in the United States armed forces became one of two major problems for black Americans. Employment discrimination was also important, and this subject has been examined by historians. Although employment discrimination was the chief everyday issue for Negroes in World War II, discrimination and segregation in the United States armed forces was the more emotionally charged issue. Most historians claim that a black â€Å"revolution† or â€Å"revolt† occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, or 1963. Silberman (1964) writes that segregation was necessary to stop bloody racial conflict and a reduction of the armed services’ potency. Silberman is one of the spiciest critics of American race relations. In his book Crisis in Black and White, he reminded Americans that the United States â€Å"is a racist society in a sense and to a degree that we have refused so far to admit, much less face† (9-10). In 1950, members of the Court obtained evidence from the President’s Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services prior to some important decisions that pointed toward a reversal of the separate but equal position. In 1954, before the important decision on desegregation, members of the Court read in manuscript form journalist Lee Nichols’ Breakthrough on the Color Front (1954), the first book-length account of military integration. Usually North Carolinians – at least most white North Carolinians – tend to look back at the years 1939 to 1953 and their adjustment to changing times with pride. But historians reporting progress in the South seldom give North Carolina high marks. Writer Roland (1984) in his book on the South since World War II writes with considerable disappointment because the southern state with the best race relations prior to the Brown decision failed to lead the region in the integration of blacks into society after 1954. In his study of southern governors and desegregation, Horton (1960) expresses a similar disappointment. The writer observes that North Carolina escaped much of the demagoguery characteristic of several neighboring states because Tar Heel governors tried to keep the peace and found local solutions to racial problems. On a contradictory note, however, Silberman (1964) calls the Patriots of North Carolina as a â€Å"sedate version† of the Citizens Council and attributes to the Patriots and their successors, the North Carolina Defenders of States’ Rights, the names of some of the â€Å"most respected men of North Carolina† (14). From the beginning of a military tradition in America, black manpower has been used for military aims. Most of historians (Benjamin Quarles, The Negro in the American Revolution; Dudley Taylor Cornish , The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861-1865; Robert J. Dwyer, † The Negro in the United States Army: His Changing Role and Status,† Sociology and Social Research; L. D. Reddick, † The Negro Policy of the United States Army, 1775-1945,† Journal of Negro History) who have investigated the problem have noticed a desire on the part of white Americans to limit the participation of the blacks in military affairs until an emergency or crisis develops. Then black manpower was utilized as a military necessity. Quarles notices that this pattern was established in the colonial militia. Each colony followed this policy that excluded Negroes as soldiers. Dwyer writes when emergencies such as Indian threats emerged and there was urgent need for manpower, however, most colonies saw fit to overlook these exclusion laws and volunteered Negroes (19). When the Continental Army was created at the beginning of the American Revolution, the black soldiers were excluded. Once more, when white volunteers became harder to find, this policy was changed, and about five thousand Negroes served with the American revolutionary arms. In The New York Times, Hinton observes that there occurred important changes by the end of World War II that made it more difficult to maintain the racial status quo in America. The ballots of American Negroes had become a powerful political force. The belligerent spirit that matured during the war made Negroes shure to fight segregation wherever it stood in the way of full citizenship. The United States became the leader of the non-Communist world. The race problem was a weakness in its Cold War attempts to influence the emerging nations. A new President took office in the centre of the changing situation. He realized that the status quo in American society relations had to give way to a new race order. Unlike his forerunner, this President would have found it difficult to take a passive stand on Negro rights even if he had wanted to do so. The race problems in civilian life reached a new peak with the end of war. This was especially true in the South where there was fear that the status quo in race relations would be further upset by the many returning Negro veterans. In Freedom and Equality: Addresses by Harry S Truman Horton (1960) writes about racial violence and revival of riots in this period. Many people believed that a wave of race riots would begin with a new force in the country as they had after World War I. Among those people who remembered the riots after World War I and who was afraid that they would be repeated was President Harry Truman. Two particularly violent attacks induced President Truman to some significant action in order to protect civil rights. Horton (1960) gives examples of cruelty. For instance, in February, 1946, Isaac Woodard, a newly discharged veteran still in uniform, was blinded when South Carolina policemen pulled him off a bus and jabbed their night sticks into his eyes. In July, 1946, two Negro veterans and their wives were taken from a car near Monroe, Georgia, by a mob of white men. The four Negroes were lined up and killed by approximately sixty shots pumped into their bodies (12). To stop this kind of violence President Truman created the President’s Committee on Civil Rights on December 6, 1946. The purpose was to examine the nebulous authority of the Federal Government in the civil rights area and to recommend appropriate legislation. Horton (1960) considers the beliefs on civil rights of this man from Missouri with a Southern heritage. He quotes Truman, â€Å"I was raised amidst some violently prejudiced Southerners myself†. Perhaps Truman reflected his own transformation on this matter when he stated his belief that â€Å"the vast majority of good southerners understand that the blind prejudices of past generations cannot continue in a free republic. † Horton says that it is clear that Truman had support from Negro voters as early as 1926. He inherited black support from the Pendergast machine of Kansas City, and he managed to maintain this support throughout his career as a senator (34). At President Truman’s first news conference a Negro one reporter asked him a question – what stand he would take on civil rights matters. Truman replied: â€Å"I will give you some advice. All you need to do is to read the Senate record of one Harry S Truman† (Public Papers of the Presidents). As a candidate for the Vice-Presidency in 1944 Truman had also directed interested persons to his Senate record. Surely he was proud of his position on civil rights. â€Å"Without exception,† one student of Truman’s Senate record has concluded, :Senator Truman acted to provide greater protection for minorities and to afford equal treatment under the law† (Horton 14). Truman continually supported antilynching bills. He also signed petitions for cloture and voted for the amendments to the Selective Service Act of 1940 intended to stop discrimination. How to cite American History-Civil Rights, Papers

John Tomlinson Phenom6969@aol.com Essays - Mark Twain, Lecturers

John Tomlinson [emailprotected] Mark Twain Samuel Clemens, better known by his pin name Mark Twain, was perhaps one of the most infantile writers this country will ever have. He accomplished allot throughout his life, and was able to travel around the world and live many adventures of his own. He also spent some good time exposing the inhumanities of slavery and the bad treatment of Chinese immigrants. So not only was he a very good writer but he was also cared about the well being of other humans. When Samuel Clemens was twelve years old, his father died. After his death Clemens went to become a printers apprentice. His boyhood dream while growing up along the banks of the Mississippi River was to one day become a steamboat salesman, and ride along the river all day up and down the stream. Clemens had this goal achieved early in life until the Civil War came along putting him out of business. The Civil War pushed Clemens out west in search of gold but ended up becoming a reporter for the Virginia City newspaper. While in this city Clemens wrote under many pin names, after he went through many different names he finally came along the name Mark Twain which stuck with him. Shortly he moved to San Francisco where he began writing articles against how the law was treating Chinese immigrants and laborers. This stirred up some trouble so Twain decided to move out to the Sandwich, that are now known as Hawaii. After a short stay there he went back to the states and began giving the Sandwich Island lectures in which he sold out crowds all over the place. While Twain was traveling the nation with his lectures he decided to take place on the first Trans Atlantic pleasure cruise where he met the brother of his future wife Olivia. While trying to earn Olivias love, Twain wrote over two-hundred love letters wooing her and trying to earn her fathers respect and have permission to marry her. He then after this wrote his very first best seller which was labeled Innocence Abroad. Through many writers Twain was slowly becoming our countries first celebrity and became a house hold name. He earned the first private telephone and began investing in many inventions, trying to make money off of many plans of all types. Out of all the plans he had, the one that worked best was to sell his name, becoming spokespersons for all different types of products, and putting his face on anything which companies thought would help sell there products quicker and for higher prices. While Twain was away from the public life though, he was hard at work at home writing away and being able to create two very well known classics: Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. However at one point in time, Twain experienced financial problems and had to declare bankruptcy. His next money making scheme was to travel the world and make money giving lectures which then made him a world celebrity. During this trip however his wife became very ill and died along it one of his daughters. When he returned home he was perhaps one of the loneliest people one could know and began to stay to himself though. Through the turn of the century, Mark Twain was the most influential person in the country. This man who started out as a printers apprentice and a steamboatman was able to rise and become the most well known person. Sadly though, Twain died in 1910 and is still today a very respected and well known writer.

Improve your energy levels to work your best

Improve your energy levels to work your best The grind of wake-work-sleep-repeat five times a week is enough to make anyone tired. Fold in family obligations, housework, and, you know, the occasional night out of fun, and it’s no wonder that most of us are exhausted by 2 p.m. every day. If you want to feel better so you can work better, you don’t have to make huge life changes in order to see results. Start small with the following tips and fold them into your life  bit by bit. If you’re diligent about changing your ways, your physical and mental energy are sure to see a boost.Eat good, whole foods.Whole grains, protein, and fruit are great ways to keep your brain and body going, even if you’re not feeling at your perkiest. Try oatmeal with a banana or berries and a sprinkling of nuts for breakfast instead of that muffin or bagel. (Keep a canister at work.) Store healthy snacks in your desk or in the common fridge so you have good options when you’re flagging and need an energy or blood suga r boost- try almonds, or carrots and hummus, or plain popcorn. If you’re prepared when hunger strikes, you won’t go searching for the first vending machine you can find. And don’t forget to hydrate! Keep a refillable bottle by your desk to fill with water and mug for green tea, which is less dehydrating and much healthier than coffee.Get enough sleep.â€Å"Enough sleep† will differ from person to person. According to the National Sleep Foundation, adults need 7-9 hours. Of course, this is just an average, and you know your body best. For you, a restful sleep might mean 8 hours, or it might mean 5. If you’re exhausted every day, chances are you need to increase your sleep time. Try adding 30 minutes every day and taking note of how you feel the next work day. Once you start to feel more rested, you likely have found a sweet spot.The issue for most working adults is finding the time at the end of the day to wind down and actually fall asleep at a rea sonable hour. If you establish a bedtime routine and turn off electronics in the hour leading up to your bedtime, sleep will come easier to you. Adding in exercise a few days a week can only help. Finally, it’s not the best idea to consume caffeine after lunch, so watch your coffee and soda consumption.Move around.If you’re drooping mid-day, move your body to wake it up. Are you able to get out for a lunch break? If so, take advantage- even a 20 minute daily walk in fresh air will do wonders for your energy levels and your morale. Can you make it to the gym, do a quick workout video, or go for a jog at least 3 times a week? Even better. If you just don’t have the time, take 15 minutes at home (in front of the T.V. will do!) to stretch your body every night. Anything to get the blood moving will make you feel and perform better at work.Check your vices.Smoking and drinking alcohol might feel like crutches that you desperately need to keep functioning, but both ca n have an adverse affect on both your energy and your health. If you don’t want to cut them out, at least aim to cut back.Make a workday soundtrack.This one is fun: If you’re allowed to play music out loud or listen to headphones while you work, take advantage. Every night, take a few minutes to create a playlist of tunes that will keep you motivated throughout the next day. It’s harder to doze off when you’re (silently) singing along to your favorites. When a long day stretches ahead of you, a curated music list is a small pleasure you can anticipate.

How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist

How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist By Guest Author This is a guest post by Laura Hamby. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. Everyone has their methods. I’ve read revision checklists all over the Internet, but still that didn’t stop me from coming up with my very own checklist. Why? Why not? Who knows better than I how I write? And while I will confess to incorporating items from the checklists of other authors, especially those who write in the genre I do (because I’m a big fan of learning from others), I also know the areas I need to pay attention to on the second/third, et cetera, go-round on my manuscript. The idea is not to revise your voice right out of your work. It is possible to do that if you’re not careful. You also don’t want to revise yourself so you wind up sounding like the person whose checklist you’ve borrowed for your own use. So, what did I consider when putting my personalized checklist together? I’m glad you asked. 1. Things my critique partner pings me on regularly. In the beginning, I had a crit partner who would whack my knuckles with her cyber ruler about head hopping. Stay in ONE point of view? It took me a while to figure it out, but eventually I caught on and now when I head hop, I KNOW what I’m doing. These things are subject to change as you grow as a writer. 2. Things I personally think I can and should do better. Several years ago, I gave myself a mission to use better, stronger verbs whenever and wherever I could. I took baby steps in the beginning, I’d write, then go back and check for passive, lackluster verbs. After a while, I moved on to refusing to use a wimpy verb in the rough draft, even if it meant I stared at the screen until I came up with something better. I like to think now that I’ve about got this licked- the verbs with verve come more easily than the verveless verbs now. As with number one, the items on this portion of your checklist will change, which is exactly what you want, as it shows that you’re growing as a writer. 3. Feedback I’ve received from editors. Hey, I figure if I’m lucky enough to get a rejection complete with what worked and what didn’t work for the editor, that’s as positive a rejection as you can get. And boy, how stupid would I be to discount what the editor has to say? 4. Those pesky generic things that should be on every revision checklist. You know, fun things like spelling, grammar, punctuation, looking for words that are words but are the wrong words. Example: â€Å"The hen is mightier than the sword.† These are what I like to call ‘Fun Typos’ because they often are worth at least a weak giggle, if not a full belly laugh when you find them. 5. Compositional/conventional aspects. Plot, flow, pacing, all threads tied off in a pretty bow, and so forth. 6. Have I stayed true to my voice? We all have a unique voice, but sometimes, it’s possible for it become lost when we try to be too clever or when we fight our way through a scene as if it were a paper bag we had to escape from using nothing but a dull toothpick. This is the part that is truly personal, above and beyond the conventions, like using periods to indicate the end of a statement, that we must observe. What questions can you ask yourself on your checklist that will resonate with how you write and what you write in regard to remaining true to your voice? Feel free to add or subtract from this list, and hey, if you come up with something to consider for creating your own personal revision checklist, let me know. I’m a big believer in being teachable and learning as much as I can about the craft of writing. Laura Hamby writes romantic comedy, has been e-published and enjoys her quest for self-directed continuation learning in writing . Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†List of Greek Words in the English LanguageEbook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Customer Satisfaction Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Satisfaction Measurement - Essay Example Net Promoter measures the loyalty of the customer while the J.D power and Associates measure the customer service. Net promoter is useful because it is a practical method. It has several advantages such as its simplicity (The Net Promoter). It applies the use of questioning through taking up a survey. It uses the Net Promoter Score to determine the business line and even the customer service. It is easy to use unlike other complicated indexes. The company may choose to use a phone, email, or web to conduct its surveys. The Net Promoter has a quick follow-up. This index gives the feedback of customers on time whenever it is assigned to investigate on them. Its work is to contact the company manager and give updates concerning his customers. The Net Promoter is a growing body with a lot of experiences; this implies that it has a lot of experiences. It has worked for several companies (The Net Promoter). It has the ability adaptability hence flexible to any change that can occur at any given time. J.D Associates is popular for its consumer surveys. It is best for conducting automotive surveys in most industries. This index ensures that the customers’ satisfaction is under achievement level (J. D. Power). Its main emphasis is on the effective handling service to customers. It takes into account five measures to determine the overall satisfaction of the customer. It ensures that customers have the required repair and maintenance for their vehicles hence keeping them satisfied with their service. The results shown by the two indexes help the company to identify the customer satisfaction, point the unhappy customers, and get the advocates with full potential. Customer satisfaction survey provides the ratings of customers that can have a powerful effect to the company development. These effects aid the employees to gain focus in their work as a result, they push towards satisfying the customers’ expectations (The Net Promoter). They give warnings about

What was the role of Serbia in the events that led to the outbreak of Research Paper

What was the role of Serbia in the events that led to the outbreak of the First World War - Research Paper Example There were different factors such as imperialism, nationalism as well as the formation of different alliances between various countries which finally resulted into the emergence of war. The immediate causes of the war were even discussed during that era wherein major powers of the world at that time blamed each other for bringing the situation to a point where War broke out . (Taylor, 1980) Serbia was most instrumental and probably one of the key reasons as to why First World War took place. What role Serbia played in the outbreak of First World War therefore is an issue which attracted attention of many historians over the period of time. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand and the subsequent events which unfolded therefore gave rise to the need for developing broader understanding of the events which lead to war. Though the war started with the attack from Austria- Hungary on Serbia to potentially avenge the murder however, the overall political reasons for this war were much deeper. (Bourne, 1994) Before discussing the role of Serbia in the events which lead to the First World War, it is important that a general historical introduction of Serbia and its position before the war should be discussed. Serbia fell under the rule of Ottoman Empire in 16th century when it was conquered by Ottomans and were subsequently put under the rule for more than 300 years. The Ottoman conquest became possible due to the internal conflict within the Kingdom of Serbia and resultantly the State as a whole weakened. Serbia remained under the control of Ottoman Empire for more than 300 years and it was only in the beginning of the 20th century that it started to consider a separation from the empire and develop its own separate identity. It is also important to note that the organized revolt in Serbia against Ottoman Empire started during the 19th century and Serbia was able to free some area even during the 19th Century. It was

The United States Industrial Boom Essay examples -- American History,

After the Civil War had ended the United States had many challenges to face. There are a variety of factors that aided the country through the tough years that followed the war. The rapid growth of the United States helped to accommodate a large flow of immigration, and build an extremely powerful industrial infrastructure, as well as temper the hostility still present throughout the country. Trains, and eventually automobiles, opened the West to the rest of the country. People now had an escape from there lives in the East, and eagerly began to populate the farthest corners of the country. America was on its way to making an enormous impact on the world’s industrial market. Raw materials, new techniques in the workplace, a massive increase in the labor force, and numerous technological inventions all played integral parts in the United State’s economic and industrial boom. Large quantities of coal, iron ore, silver, and gold were discovered in various regions in the West. Lead, quartz, zinc, copper, and other precious metals were also found as new areas were uncovered. Around the mines and quarries gathered the workers of the sites along with their families. These people created towns known as â€Å"boomtowns†, which required transportation in the form of trains for their supplies. The same process happened with numerous other raw materials found in the country as well (Brinkley, 449). The agriculture, cattle, and sheep markets made many people large profits and, as with the stones and metals, relied on the railroad to bring the goods to the consumers. With the aid of the railroads there was an abundance of agricultural goods in the United States, â€Å"American commercial farmers, constantly opening new lands, produced much mor... ...in the United State’s economic growth. America used its massive reserves of raw materials to produce its way into the world industrial market. Railroads brought American settlers and adventurers across the United States to discover more raw materials as well as spread out the country's population from the crowded East. New technologies and innovations allowed for the manipulating of resources until they produced as much profit as possible. The concentration of power and monopolies required, and received, massive numbers of cheap labor. It was that very wealth the monopolies created that attracted millions of immigrants to this country to find work. A cycle of factors where every one played a part, some more crucial than others, yet equally dependent upon one another. This cycle fueled America’s industrial boom, and propelled it into the world’s industrial market.

Police brutality in the United States Essay

Police duty is to serve and protect the people’s property and life, in some cases it is not like that. Sometimes innocent people die in the shootings and over the years police brutality has become a big problem as much as mass shooting. Police frequently overstep their authority and often act as if they were above the law. They seem to be using excessive force which can lead to major injuries or even death. As it did for Eric garner when he was placed in a chokehold by a police officer as he gasped for air and screaming that he couldn’t breathe. Tamir rice who was 12 years old was shot by the police because he had a pellet gun. Regardless the situation many of these officers have been cleared. It should be a top priority the need to find a solution to lessen if not stop these misfortunes. Citizens now a day think if the police and all that crosses their mind is the terror. Police are supposed to protect, serve and enforce the law. Police often let the race of others become a factor in which they will use to engage in enforcement. They have shot victims based on their own judgment even when the victim has no intention to shoot at the police. Police training all starts in the academy. The â€Å"first rule of law enforcement†: an officers main goal is to go home safe every day after the end of their shift. They are taught that every encounter could be a possible threat. Maybe this is why some police officers are quick to pull the trigger instead of diffusing the situation like they should. New police training programs are being taught to diffuse the situation that is in involving guns. Police are supposed to limit their movement when they are in a difficult situation. When in these tense situation police officer could use their taser guns or stun guns instead of using their real guns and this could easily do as much harm as using real bullets. A stun gun can communicate with the muscle in your body to cause pain. It helps officers because it limits the suspect’s movement while causing them pain but doesn’t threaten their life. Due to using the taser more, statistics show that in Orlando the crime rate has decreased 29 percent, but no suspects died during the enforcement. In some states, police are required to use body cameras. This body cameras help document what is going on in a conversation and make police more careful about what they are doing. Being a police officer is difficult and very stressful and are involved in many dangerous and violent conditions. In many of these circumstances, they are faced with having to use force to diffuse these types of situations. Police have crossed the line with using excessive force or â€Å"deadly force.† There are many reports of assaults by police officers who have used and abused excessive force leading to people getting injured or even sometimes causing their death. In most cases, the victims of the excessive force are usually charged with assaulting a police officer or resisting arrest. Like many cases police shooting often are unjustified. There are many cases that involve a non-armed suspect being shot by the police. In these cases, African Americans males or other minorities have been the victims. How are people to feel safe if the leader of our country is telling police officers that they should not worry about injuring the people they detain? This could be one of the many reasons why now police officers will use deadly force against every person they are detaining because our leader is pretty much telling them they can. also, what message is the president really giving when pardoning Sheriff Joe Arpaio. Ex-Sheriff Joe Arpaio was convicted of criminal contempt after he ignored a judge’s orders. The judge ordered that he should stop detaining people solely because he thought that they were undocumented immigrants. When police officers are dealing with an unpredictable or treacherous situation they have little to no time thinking about what could be the best possible result. Special training, as well as other protocols, can take place to diffuse a minor situation that could possibly become a dangerous one. Something must be done to protect the people. Making the police better and using less force or at least deadly force in situations like Eric Greys. Just alone with the body cameras, the percent of brutality has been reduced. Deadly force doesn’t always have to be the solution to every situation police officers come across. Police officers are to protect and serve and make as many arrests as possible but that necessarily doesn’t mean that they should overstep the laws and think that they are above them. Works Cited Humanrightshouse.org, (2014). Human rights house network. The right to peaceful assembly [online]

Taking a Look at Childhood Obesity - 1842 Words

What does childhood obesity means? Obesity can be defined as a condition in which the body carries abnormal or unhealthy amounts of fat tissue, leading the individual to weigh in excess or 20 percent more than his or her ideal weight (Health Illness).Obesity in America is an ever-growing problem and has boosted America to the number one spot in terms of obese population. It also stands as the most prevalent medical issue in American Children. In the past thirty years, obesity has affected many different age groups of kids. Preschool group, two to five years in age, and the youths between the ages of twelve and nineteen the obesity rate has more than doubled (Childhood Obesity Statistics and Facts 2v007). Childhood obesity has more than tripled in kid’s ages six to eleven years old. Children can become obese due to many different things like parents or schools. Although obesity may linger for a lifetime, there are many ways to overcome childhood obesity and not have to deal w ith the weight issue. Childhood obesity causes many problems and concerns in many American families, but families need to work together to overcome obesity. One out of three children in the United States falls into the overweight or obese category (Ding). Children face many different problems and issues at a young age because of obesity. Children obesity causes type 2 diabetes, fatty liver because of excessive weight issues, social problems, depression, anxiety, and eating disorders (Ludwig). ChildhoodShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity and Its Effect1260 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is considered to be a serious issue among our youth. Obesity can cause many types of physical problems, which most are aware of, but it can also cause some undesirable internal feelings within children and adolescents who suffer from it. Self-esteem, or self-worth, is important as it helps develop personality and is a major ingredient to our mental health status (Wang, F. and Veugelers, P. J., 2008). Some have said obesity may even have a negative effect on cognitive developmentRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents878 Words   |  4 Pages Research Paper on Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a child is overweight and well over the normal weight for his or her age and height. Child obesity is an important issue because the extra weight can lead children down the wrong path to health problems, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes to name a few. Childhood obesity can cause children to become depressed and have poor self-esteemRead MoreThe Childhood Obesity Epidemic834 Words   |  3 PagesWhy is there is a higher percentage of obesity in children than adults? Do school lunches lead to high childhood obesity? Why are three out every child in America suffering from obesity? These are the questions that come in mind when people talk about childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is defined as a sober medical disorder that affects youngsters at a young age and it arises when a child is exceeding his or her normal weight. The obesity in adolescents is increasing because of nonexistence ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Is It Being Taken Seriously?957 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article Childhood obesity: is it being taken seriously?† the author, Honor Whiteman, quickly explains how childhood obesity affects children. She goes into detail on how outside influences affect children and brainwash them into having unhealthy lifestyles. These bad habits, that Whiteman describes, lead children into a tunnel that ends with lifetime obesity. There are moves people can take that will allow them to avoid this preventable issue, yet hardly anyone considers them. This articleRead MoreThe Problems With Childhood Obesity955 Words   |  4 Pages The Problems with Childhood Obesity A growing problem in America is childhood obesity which literally gets over looked every day. Children who are obese are more likely to have cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and other serious health risk when they get older. Childhood obesity has increased highly over the generations. In my opinion causes for childhood obesity includes, not having enough physical activity at home or in schools, and food habits, which the parents is in control of whenRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Controversial Dilemma999 Words   |  4 PagesIn the discussion of Childhood obesity, one controversial predicament has been that, whether parents are being responsible enough, and are the ones to be blamed for their child’s health, and most important of all, their nutrition. In which they need to be held accountable for their decision making, towards their child’s healthy lifestyle. On the other hand, supporters, and those in favor of this specific idea, suggest that parents, and the newly parenting, has is it that, it must be mandatory thatRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to impede the epidemic of childhood obesity, the actual causes of the problem need to be evaluated and dissected. Obesity in children is becoming a huge problem in American society. In the past three decades, the rate of overweight children has increased by 300%. This is an alarming rate that is only climbing higher. Every member in society should take steps to becoming healthier. This would help the present generations as well as future generations to come. The lifestyle of Americans keepsRead MoreUnderstanding The Health And Social Needs Of A Local Population1716 Words   |  7 Pagesinterests, a community of individuals with shared needs and trepidations, say a political party or such like and finally individuals with shared social interactions, such as work colleagues or friends (Laverack, 2004). The community profile that follows looks at the geographical area of Newcastle upon Tyne. Using the format suggested by Hawtin, comprehensive research into the needs of the community, and the resources that exist within that community will be carried out with the active involvement of theRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The Overbearing Truth1664 Words   |  7 PagesJayden Sadettan Schlesinger English 131 November 22nd 2015 Childhood Obesity; the Overbearing Truth. â€Å"Childhood obesity is best tackled at home through improved parental involvement, increased physical exercise, better diet and restraint from eating† – Bob Filner Imagine growing up in a household where one can eat anything. Whether an unlimited amount of sweets or entrees. This is happening now. Parents are unaware of their children eating and physical habits. Leading to the whopping amount of $190Read MoreHealthy Choices for Better Living Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesDoes the media truly influence and play and key role in childhood obesity? Can we hold the media responsible for our food purchases and meals that we as a society choose to provide our children? Certainly there are a multitude of influences in the media and yes, they are geared toward our children. Commercials ran during children’s programming appeal to our youth with catchy jingles, bright colors and actors promoting these products that portray popular characters on our children’s favorite shows

Physician Assisted Suicide Kindness Or Killing

Beverly Unruh EN-140 Researched Academic Argument Essay August 5, 2014 Physician Assisted Suicide: Kindness or Killing? Legalization of physician assisted suicide has been a highly debated topic over the past two and a half decades. It has evoked many emotions and differing opinions from the public. Surveys show that two-thirds of Americans are in favor of physician assisted suicide in terminally ill patients. But when the issue is at the polls, usually less than fifty percent vote for passage of physician assisted suicide (Quill). It is a topic that hits close to home as many have had loved ones die of a terminal disease or a long, lingering illness. This paper will review the terms of the issue, the history of the issue, encourage the reader to consider better options available to a dying person than physician assisted suicide. Physician assisted suicide is defined as the process where the physician prescribes a lethal dose of medication that the person himself must administer to cause death (Snyder). Euthanasia is defined as the process where the physician actively administers a lethal dose of me dication to a patient with the specific intent to cause death. It is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"good death† (Darr). Terminal illness can be defined as a disease that will cause the patient to die within six months of diagnosis (Drickamer 148-149). Palliative care is the medical specialty that treats the dying patient holistically (Quill). In 1990, physician assistedShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Is Painless Killing Of A Patient1435 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia is painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma, also means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable suffering. Some interpret as the practice of ending life in a mercy killing, assisted suicide, and soft slow suicide. There are two main classifications of euthanasia. There is Voluntary euthanasia which is conducted with consent. Where the patient decides for themselves toRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1054 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Euthanasia and physician assisted-suicide are terms used to describe the process in which a doctor of a sick or disabled individual engages in an activity which directly or indirectly leads to their death. This behavior is engaged by the healthcare provider based on their humanistic desire to end suffering and pain. This is an act that defies the oath each doctor is under and should not be treated lightly, and very strict rules and guidelines should be enforced if an individual decidesRead MoreEuthanasia Research Paper1614 Words   |  7 Pagessuffering. The physician would provide the patient with information or tools needed to perform the act. Not only is Euthanasia dangerous, but it involves an innocent taking the life of another, and can re ally hurt loved ones. Sick patients feel overwhelmed by difficult emotions or situations, but it is no reason to kill oneself. Physician assisted suicide, let alone suicide is never the right thing to do. Euthanasia should be illegal in all states. (www.euthanasia.com) Physician assisted suicide, or euthanasiaRead MoreEuthanasia, Mercy Killing, And Euthanasia1101 Words   |  5 Pages Euthanasia, mercy killing, assisted suicide, no matter what you call it, the topic is very controversial. Personally, I would have to agree with the concept. I know that there are people who are completely against it, and there are those that would consider it in certain situations. By covering this topic maybe I can share some light on the pros of euthanasia for those against it. Euthanasia by definition is the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individualsRead MoreEuthanasi The Consequences Of Euthanasia1161 Words   |  5 PagesKatie Torras English III CP- E March 23, 2015 HP:______________ Consider the Consequences of Euthanasia Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, has caused much controversy around the globe. Assisted suicide has been an early American statute outlawed since 1828, but is an understandable approach to a dignified death when one suffers from a devastating and debilitating disease with no cure. Some believe that the patient should be allowed to be put to death when they have no hope ofRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Morally Permissible1663 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide should be morally permissible. Patients who are in constant suffering and pain have the right to end their misery at their own discretion. This paper will explore my thesis, open the floor to counter arguments, explain my objections to the counter arguments, and finally end with my conclusion. I agree with Brock when he states that the two ethical values, self-determination and individual well-being, are the focal points for the argument of the ethical permissibility ofRead MoreMoral Quest ion of Hastening the Death of a Terminally Ill Patient1220 Words   |  5 Pagesis sacred and by legalizing physician assisted suicide would lead to abuses by the medical field. A fundamental question concerning hastening the death of a terminally ill patient are, evaluating if this act is a virtue of kindness prompted by a sense of mercy and respect for an individuals wishes? If this is not a act of a moral virtue thought then, it is an act of murder and a violation of the Hippocratic Oath. Some patients who decide that they wish to commit suicide are unable or unwilling toRead MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia1811 Words   |  8 Pagesof debate comes the question of legalizing euthanasia and assisted suicide. Debates and courts have raged on with this impending question. Naturally, those for it stand on the question, â€Å"is it not right to offer someone a peaceful death?† No one wishes to pass away painfully and no one wants a love one to die horrifica lly either, therefore it is easy to agree on mercy. Even so, it does not change the fact that euthanasia and assisted suicide, whether done by good efforts or not, is wrong. Just becauseRead MoreEuthanasia Essay2328 Words   |  10 Pagesand for physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Support for euthanasia/PAS has been spurred on by the Hemlock Society, founded by former journalist Derek Humphry and based in Eugene, Oregon. The societys political arm helped draft initiatives aimed at legalizing euthanasia. Ballot initiatives in the states of Washington (1991) and California (1992) were both narrowly defeated by a 54 to 46 percent margin. The defeat of these euthanasia initiatives shifted the focus to assisted suicide, whichRead MoreAssisted Suicide As A Controversial Issue1899 Words   |  8 PagesAssisted suicide has become a highly controversial issue over the last few years. The question left unanswered is: should people have the right to end their life with the help of a physician? Many are against the idea of aiding someone in dying. Doctors are some of the most vocal critics when it comes to assisted suicide. To doctors, helping someone end their life is incompatible with their role as a healer. However, there comes a point when a patient sees death as hope for relief, not an act of

Theories Of Learning And Development Essay - 1581 Words

While Vygotsky, Skinner, and Piaget have undoubtedly influenced theories of learning and development, they share similarities and differences in their views of child development. It would hence be useful to examine these by evaluating their views regarding what development is, how it occurs, and whether phases of development exist. It is important to first establish Vygotsky, Piaget, and Skinner’s views regarding what development is. Piaget and Vygotsky have more similarities in their views of what a child’s development is compared to Skinner, as both are primarily concerned with a child’s cognitive development. Piaget examines how children grow in their mental representations of the world through the processes of assimilation, adaptation, and equilibration in ways that lead to qualitative changes in their mental schemas (Siegler, 1998). This concern with a child’s mental interactions with his environment is a key focus in Piaget’s cognitive theory of development. Similarly, Vygotsky (1978) states that his ‘primary concern is to describe and specify the development of those forms of practical intelligence that are specifically human’ (p. 23), and therefore centers his study on the development of cognitive activity in children. Moreover, both Piaget and Vygotsky believe that cognitive development involves a gradual shift towards having an ability to mentally work out problems and plan one’s actions. Piaget believes that in the preoperational stage, children areShow MoreRelatedLearning and Development Theories939 Words   |  4 Pages Learning and Development Theories: Learning and development theories basically focus on environmental factors that impact peoples behavior like reinforcement, modeling, and punishment. These theories have been developed by several theorists in the field of psychology who have endeavored to understand the development and behavior of human beings. The efforts of these theorists have contributed to the emergence of several theories that explain their work. Actually, there are three major learningRead MoreTheories of Child Development and Learning940 Words   |  4 Pages[pic] [pic]Theories of Child Development and Learning [pic] Several theories of child development and learning have influenced discussions of school readiness. Three have had profound impact on kindergarten readiness practices. These three theories include the maturationist, environmentalist, and constructivist perspectives of development (Powell, 1991). Maturationist Theory The maturationist theory was advanced by the work of Arnold Gessell. Maturationists believe that development is a biologicalRead MoreTheories of Play, Development and Learning2166 Words   |  9 PagesTheories of Play, Development and Learning Child development was previously largely ignored, and there was little attention to the progress which occurs during childhood and adolescence in terms of cognitive abilities, physical growth and language usage. However, researchers have found interest to study typical development in children as well as what influences development. Many theories have emerged which have helped full understanding of the social, emotional and physical growth which occurs inRead MoreMoral Development And The Social Learning Theory Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will examine moral development and the theories of cognitive development and the Social Learning theory. It will also cover key theorists and their perspectives moving on to different kinds of development followed by an evaluation of the chosen theories and the studies that surround their validity. The final segment will be of the nature nurture aspect. Moral development is essentially the ability to distinguish right from wrong actions and good from bad behaviour. Albert Bandura believedRead MoreDevelopment Of Attachment Of The Learning And Evolutionary Theories1579 Words   |  7 Pages I will be evaluating the development of attachment of the learning and evolutionary theories. I will also be looking at different view points regarding the impact of early experience on later life. The first theory I will be looking at is the learning theory. The learning theory is also called behaviourism, which says all of our behaviour is learnt because â€Å"when born our mind is tabula rasa (a blank slate).† (McLeod, 2007). 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“Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education” Free Essays

Paper on the Topic Of â€Å"Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education† Prof. S. B. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vanjari ABSTRACT This Paper has been conducted the study of student’s participation in improving and maintaining the quality of education in higher education. The paper shows that student’s participation in Quality enhancement plays very important role in enhancement in the standardization of the institution education at higher level. That role also important for planning, organization, communication, co-ordination and evaluation seemed to be an average level. Introduction and Background Higher education and training institutions and quality assurance agencies operating in India are required to establish quality assurance procedures for the purposes of further improving and maintaining the quality of education and training which is provided by higher education and training institutions. The involvement of students in the established quality assurance procedures is an essential element of such procedures. The requirement to involve students in quality assurance activities relating to programs and awards is further stated in the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the indian Higher Education Area. Institutional and agency quality reviews which have taken place in higher education and training institutions over recent years have considered the issue of student involvement in quality assurance procedures. While such reviews have found that students are involved in most quality reviews undertaken in the Indian higher education system, the limited extent of student involvement at all stages of quality assurance procedures has been noted. A number of reports have recommended that Indian institutions need to ensure that students have the pportunity to provide regular feedback on all modules, programs and services, that student bodies and students in general become progressively more aware of quality review processes and that they are involved systematically in quality assurance and enhancement initiatives. Common Principles for Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement Internal quality assurance: Quality Assurance Policy ? The institution enshrines the value of student participatio n in quality assurance activities at module, program, unit, department, college, faculty and institution level. The policy, associated procedures and calendar for reviews have formal status and are publicly available, actively communicated and known within the institution. ? The institution designs its student representation system to provide opportunities for student engagement in decision-making and quality management arrangements. These opportunities are enshrined and clearly set out in a Enhancement Handbook, Student Handbook or equivalent document and are actively communicated. As part of the institution’s development and implementation of a strategy for the continuous enhancement of quality, a policy and associated procedures for the assurance of the quality and standards of their program and awards have been established, setting out a role for students as partners in quality assurance. ? Common Principles for Student Involvement in Quality Assurance/Quality Enhancement Quality Assurance Procedures ? Students are represented at all fora that contribute to quality processes at the institution. ? In addition to formal feedback, informal feedback should also be sought and captured (e. g. eedback from individuals, focus groups etc. ) ? Students participate in internal quality reviews at module, program, unit, department, college, faculty and institution level as appropriate. Student Feedback on Modules, Program and Services ? Coherent and systematic student feedback mechanisms are in place for all modules, program and services. ? Student feedback on modules, program and services is analysed and such feedback is an explicit input to the quality assurance process at the institution. ? Outcomes of student feedback are reported back to students along with an action plan to address any issues raised. External quality assurance: External Quality Reviews ? Students are invited to participate in external quality reviews to ensure that the review covers issues of primary concern to learners. ? The external panel of experts includes an individual who represents a learner perspective. Principles for the involvement of students in reviews of quality assurance agencies ? Students and/or student representative bodies are invited to participate in the key stages of reviews of quality assurance agencies. ? The external panel of experts includes persons with a learner perspective. Common Principles for Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement Selection, training and recognition of students involved in Internal, External and Agency Quality Reviews ? The institution and quality assurance agencies work in partnership with student representative bodies to: ? Set out criteria for selecting students to participate in quality reviews. The criteria are clearly articulated and made publicly available. ? Put in place a transparent and fair process for selecting students. ? Provide appropriate training and support for students selected to participate in reviews. ? Recognize participation of students in quality assurance activities. Conclusion: Student participation plays a very vital role in quality enhancement of higher education level. Proper planning should be design for the student participation in an all student concern activities in the institution. Then it will become strength of institution as well as higher education REFERENCES:- http://www. iheqn. ie/standards/default. asp Arunkumar, R. Sharma. (2001). Financial management . Atlantic publications. Best, J. W Khan, JV (1983)7th edition. Education Research an Introduction Newark, Longman N. C. T. E (1978) ‘Teacher education curriculum’ a frame work, New Delhi:NCERT. How to cite â€Å"Student Involvement in Quality Enhancement in Higher Education†, Essays

Organizational Governance and Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Governance and Leadership. Answer: Reflection/Self-analysis: Quinn Test: Quinn Test (Questionnaire in Appendix) has been used for the self-evaluation. Test depicted the following: Mentor (Self Confidence) (84%): People enhancement gets over concentrated as a mentor. I will be approachable, sensitive, caring, just, and beneficial in this role. Appreciation is categorized and I am a good listener and helpful when fulfilling my role in this position. I assist progressing privately and encouraging options for the same and providing the opportunities for training and education. Director (Power Influence) (78%): As a director, I clarify the anticipation with the use of location target and planning. I am a decisive initiator who helps in selecting solutions, defining and describing the complex situations, offering recommendations and coverage, attract the procedures and set up the roles and jobs. The function of directors are visualized by previously mentioning the hard work and demanding. Crux of my respective techniques is the authority, which helps in cooperating with the colleagues and administration. Monitor (Credibility Visibility) (78%): All the ongoing things in the department is well known. I am the perfect analyst and well acquainted with the data. I possess great competence and commitment in dealing with the administration. Emotional intelligence test: I underwent the emotional intelligence test to test my leadership traits. Results is provided in the table below: Self-Awareness Self-Management Social-Awareness Relationship Management 9 4 4 6 Descriptors of EI Quadrant: Self-confidence: Self-awareness is the main element of Psychological Intelligence. There are three competencies involved in the self-awareness. First, one is accurate self-assessment where an individual can provide the realistic evaluation of their respective limitations and strength. Second is the psychological self-awareness and using this an individual wold be able to fly grasp the thoughts and conduct the study at the same time. This would assist in recognizing the impact on the performance of work and relationships (Afshari and Gibson, 2015). Self-confidence is the third element where one has strong sense of self-worth. These three areas is essential in determining the capability to become self-reflective in a critical way. Self-management: There are five competencies involved in the self-management. They are transparency, self-control, accomplishment orientation, initiatives and adaptableness. When it comes to taken initiatives, it is about the willingness and ability to speak up when it is necessary. Self-control is about the impulsive beneath command and the disruptive feelings. Adaptability is about adjusting to the different scenarios by modifying and overcoming the various roadblocks. Transparency is about retainment of the expectations of integrity and honesty. Satisfying the interior common excellence by guiding it comes under the accomplishment orientation (Alexander et al., 2014). Social recognition: Three competencies are involved in the social recognition. Organizational recognition is the ability to get recognized within the organization and this is done by developing the networks selectively, everyday living in the organization should be browsed through. Empathic recognition may or may not be socially desirable and it is the capability to understand the feeling of other person from within. It is the capacity to place oneself in other people situation. Under repair orientation, assembling and recognizing the needs of consumers is essential. Relationship administration: Seven competencies are involved in the social cluster of management in marriage. Collaboration and teamwork is the act of creating the groups and promoting the cooperation. Visionary management is about the guiding the men and women, who are the part of the team or the team as a whole. It also involves the use of guidance and feedback, which helps in acquiring other folks and assist in aiding the talent of other force. Conflict administration deals with establishing the resolutions collaboratively and resolves the disagreement. Exercising the variety of techniques with integrity comes under the flexibility (Tannenbaum et al., 2013). Moreover, it also includes sending and receiving the well-tuned messages that are convincing. Bond construction is about preserving g the existing relationships and setting up new relationship. Catalyst adjustment is the proficiency of the people in initiating major folks and new tips in the new course. Situational Style leadership test: Observing and delegating are the attributes, which I found in myself. Leader: Aim is low relationship along with low focus on task Follower: Significantly determined and large competence When the follower is determined to accomplish the assigned task and is capable of performing, then the only task of leader is to depart to them. This is basically entrusting the follower that they would keep a comparatively distant eye to provide the guarantee for the input to the various programs. Concerning this and at this level, followers does not seek regular praise. Any person always welcomes occasional recognition. My life incidents in past twelve months: I was appointed to head up the process force. This had a request for recommending transforming and this was significantly overdue in earning. The ambitions were not very clear to the group. Conference room have merely become a place of social gatherings and the attendance at the sessions was doomed and lousy. There were expertise who were vital in helping the teams. I incorporated the recommendations of the group and I was experiencing that the targets were being met. It was the incident when the power went off at the time of delivering the presentations to the group. It was this time when I took the matter in my hand and resolved it. When I was about to deliver the presentation, the current went off. In this case, I went to the right middle in the place, where the crowd was standing. I asked them to surround them around me. I did not panic and did not even wait to come back. I used my voice as a tool to deliver the presentation, which in fact made the presentation very interesting. Audience gained interest and this motivated me to deliver another presentation with my powerful and bare voice. The above two incidence suggest that I have been able to self-confidently handling the unfavourable situations. In order to perform my duties and responsibilities, I was not dependant on the external stimulus. Incidence also depicts that I am able to influence my team by providing the powerful recommendations. Literature review: The basic principle of self-efficacy was created inside the concept of social cognitive framework. The enthusiasm, imagination layout of people, practices and the emotional reactions are mediated by posing self-confidence. The intention was to manage the nervousness and the idea was to prose to many accounts on the closing final results, which was received form varied remedies used in the scientific typology. However, it can be applied to various other domains of psychological executing (Amaral et al., 2013). This also includes acquiring the cognitive skills, determination, selection and expansion of occupation, carrying out training and well-being and general effectiveness of motors. The judgment of the people and their ability to complete the specified duties are described as the self-confidence beliefs. There are different things to be included in the means of knowledge and this include verbal persuasion, accomplishments, vicarious ordeals and psychological states (Chemers 2014). It is quite possible that the most assured data is given by the performance achievements. Reason is personal master ordeals of an individual forms the basis of the performance achievements. The belief of self-confidence is affected by mater ordeals of an individual. This is done by making use of the cognitive processing of the specifics. There is an increase in the self-confidence if an individual has repeatedly regarded these as success. On the other hand, self-confidence decreases if these were observed as failures (Holten and Brenner, 2015). Self-confidence and outcome of performance is impacted in a different way due to the self-monitoring, which might be failure or success. Individual should not concentrate on the failures; rather they should concentrate on success, which fairly represents extra encouragement. Perceived self-confidence is impacted by the functionality routines. Perceived self-confidence depends on various other factors. It includes the concept about the specific ability, amount of steerage obtained, temporary pattern concerning failure and achievements and the difficulty expended. It has been argued by Bandura that the occasional failures improves the self-worth rewards as this leads to the opportunities of word tried independently. The task with the repeated failures, task finished with exterior aids within the mastering method does not seems to act as an indicator of enhancement (Muethel and Hoegl, 2013). Technique of social comparison along with the other folks can be used to derive the self-esteem data. Performance achievements are considered stronger than the secondary resources of the self-esteem specifics. However, the influence of the self-esteem on the self-confidence can be influenced by variety of parts. The greater an individual depend on others for making the judgement of their own qualities. Such individual have knowledge with performance conditions and are less encountered (Sadeghi and Pihie, 2012). This modelling techniques helps in determining the self-confidence has experienced an improvement by the perceive similarities toward the service and products about the personal attributes and performance. Persuasive strategies affects the self-assurance, conduct and resolve of an individual and they are commonly designed utilization by coaches, mother and father, instructors and friends. When buying the skilled common efficiency, the anticipation of the parents and teachers are emphasized by the fantastic deal. Self-confidence of kid is greatly impacted by the verbal persuasions that a toddler is talented. Elements of persuasive valuation includes the thought, which are evaluative, verbal persuasion, self-talk, folks anticipation along with the other cognitive procedures. Persuasive techniques are thought to be handiest (Shattock, 2013). This is after the appraisal and this is beyond what exactly a person can do. Nevertheless, it is said that the person are knowledgeable in the functional bounds and the improved performance is achievable by exertions and excessive energy. One of the key determinant of the conduct is the self-efficacy. This is so because now days, women and men possess self-perception of self-assurance as they have ample incentives and there is also need of possessing the requisite techniques. The exact functionality is lower than the belief of self-confidence. This happens when general efficiency is imposed with the bodily or social constraints and when there is small incentive to complete the assignment. In accordance to Bandura, discrepancy may arise due to the ambiguity of the career or instances. Discrepancy may also happen when the foundation of the self-worth judgement is dependent on the minor specifics (Hayat et al., 2015). Long-run individual goal setting is believed to be impacted by self-confidence. It also helps in mediating the connection between the motivation and purpose of intentions. Self-confidence beliefs that are greater and stronger are shown by the investigation. This is shown by the aim, which an individual set for themselves in line with their commitments. The higher the aims people set for themselves along with their commitments, which is measured by their resoluteness. The greater commitments are based on the intentions of objectives. The self-regulatory influences mediates the intention of objectives and this comprised of two types of self-reactive influences (Hogg et al., 2012). For attaining the goal, the two forms of self-reactive influences are self-efficacy that are perceived and self-evaluation that are effective. The individual objective of people is dissatisfied when their performance collapse. For the attainment of aim, Self-confidence of person partially affects the hard work and intention or distention of increased efforts. This is irrespective of the fact that the dissatisfaction serves the above. The attainment folks and the unique program are involved in the facial areas of human conflicting facts. The diploma along with the discrepancy predicts this. The persistence and the stage of labour of an individual is immediately heightened due to the greater belief in self-confidence (Du et al., 2013). It will also immediately eliminates the self-doubt. Conclusion: The perception of trust toward the supervisor determines the degree of impact. It can be said in another words that there is a need for leader and mangers to establish believability. Innovation is involved in gaining professional acceptance for deference and their right to acquire higher status. Apart from this, it would also involve overriding power. All these is done by demonstrating that the work done by them is not easy for others and their work cannot be predicted. Another leverage for power is provide by the non-routine and this will affect the visibility of the assurance given by the supervisor (Kopel and Lffler, 2012). Two organizationally relevant personal qualities to be acquired and maintained by the professionals and would assist them in overcoming the problem of ambiguity and legitimacy in doubt. Professionals belonging to persuasive or coercive category should be capable of utilizing the power bases. For this, they need to possess visibility and believability that would enable them to be in other people eyes and in lending ears to other. Researchers have examined specific types of influence behaviour and rather than the potential source, which involves focusing on power, it helps in bridging the gap between the behavioural and potential approaches to the managerial leadership. The benefits of power style in the organizational settings have been founded and identified by many authors This includes direction, integration, consensus, pressure, coercion and consensus. One of the style that is predictive of participation in the workplace is the integrative power style. In relation to decision-making and work activities, there is a need of active managerial participation and is provided by the preference of integrative work style ((Li et al., 2016).). Participative or democratic power style, also known as consensus power style helps in seeking the consensus within the group direction. People oriented supervisors are those who practice consensus style. This style make use of idea generation, participation and guidance for b uilding the consensus. In addition to this, it also requires competent and highly developed subordinates for participating the process of decision-making and in generating ideas (Marion and Gonzales, 2013). Trust among the subordinates is build and developed by the leaders using this style. One of the oldest style is directive style and it is frequently described as an autocratic style. Directive style is characterized by an instrumental style where the leaders tell subordinates what they are expected to do and how the task are expected to be performed. Leaders exercise firm rules and they also ensures that subordinates follow these rules. In order to get the work done by the subordinates, pressurizing power style is constantly employed by administrators. The characteristics of coercive leaders are referring to motivate the subordinates in discipline, controlling the subordinates. Such leaders also provides the instruction on the work performed. Control is the fundamental aspect of coercive style of leader ship (Northouse, 2015). Way of performing the work and direct and explicit instruction on the job is obtained through the results. Exercising the collective power forms the basis of consensus and integrative power style. Supervisors are empowered and they develop commitment among the group under this leadership style. This help them in gaining confidence and a feeling of accomplishment is entrusted along with the development of inter personal trust and goodwill. For the transformational leadership, the better possibilities are consensus and integrative styles. Leaders are able to realise the long-term goals by encouraging participation from their subordinates. It seeks input from every individual. Power styles, which falls under the transactional style of leadership, are directive, transactional and pressurizing power style (Klettner et al., 2014). In the light of the series of transactions, human relations forms an important component of transactional leadership. Reference: Afshari, L. and Gibson, P., 2015, February. Why culture matters to leadership, motivation, and willing organizational commitment?. InICMLG2015-The 3rd International Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance: ICMLG. Alexander Arthur, C. and Hardy, L., 2014. Transformational leadership: a quasi-experimental study.Leadership Organization Development Journal,35(1), pp.38-53. Amaral, A., Jones, G.A. and Karseth, B. eds., 2013.Governing higher education: National perspectives on institutional governance(Vol. 2). Springer Science Business Media. Chemers, M., 2014.An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. and Sen, S., 2013. The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), pp.155-169. Hayat, A., Hasanvand, M.M., Nikakhlag, S. and Dehghani, M.R., 2015. The role of leadership styles in knowledge management processes.Journal of Health Management and Informatics,2(2), pp.41-46. Hogg, M.A., van Knippenberg, D. and Rast III, D.E., 2012. The social identity theory of leadership: Theoretical origins, research findings, and conceptual developments.European Review of Social Psychology,23(1), pp.258-304. Holten, A.L. and Brenner, S.O., 2015. Leadership style and the process of organizational change.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(1), pp.2-16. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.145-165. Kopel, M. and Lffler, C., 2012. Organizational governance, leadership, and the influence of competition.Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE,168(3), pp.362-392. Li, Z., Gupta, B., Loon, M. and Casimir, G., 2016. Combinative aspects of leadership style and emotional intelligence.Leadership Organization Development Journal,37(1), pp.107-125. Marion, R. and Gonzales, L.D., 2013.Leadership in education: Organizational theory for the practitioner. Waveland Press. Muethel, M. and Hoegl, M., 2013. Shared leadership effectiveness in independent professional teams.European Management Journal,31(4), pp.423-432. Nichols, T.W. and Erakovich, R., 2013. Authentic leadership and implicit theory: a normative form of leadership?.Leadership Organization Development Journal,34(2), pp.182-195. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Sadeghi, A. and Pihie, Z.A.L., 2012. Transformational leadership and its predictive effects on leadership effectiveness.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(7). Shattock, M., 2013. University governance, leadership and management in a decade of diversification and uncertainty.Higher Education Quarterly,67(3), pp.217-233. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I. and Massarik, F., 2013.Leadership and organization. Routledge.